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State Reform Profile

Texas

Texas pioneered bipartisan justice reinvestment, closing 8 prisons while crime fell. The state has saved $3 billion through reform.

ALTREFORM COMPOSITE85/100

Key Statistics

Incarceration Rate
576
per 100,000 residents
Annual Cost
$23K
per incarcerated person
3-Year Recidivism
64%
reincarcerated within 3 yrs
Racial Disparity
3.3×
Black vs. White incarceration
Alt. Programs
62
active diversion programs
Reform Initiatives
14
tracked by AltReform

Incarceration by Race

TX Overall576
National Avg568
Black (est.)1,140
White (est.)300

Incarceration rate per 100,000 residents. Racial estimates based on BJS/Sentencing Project methodology.

Recidivism Rate

64%3-year recidivism
This stateNational avg: 67%

Percent of people reincarcerated within 3 years of release. Source: BJS recidivism data series.

Cost vs. Alternatives

$23K
incarceration/yr
vs.
~$5K
diversion/yr

Active & Passed Reforms

5 initiatives

HB 218 – Drug Policy ReformView full details →

Expanded treatment options over incarceration for drug offenses.

PassedDrug Policy2007
AltReform Score81/100

SB 70 – Mental Health DiversionView full details →

Statewide mental health diversion program for law enforcement.

PassedMental Health2019
AltReform Score87/100

Justice Reinvestment InitiativeView full details →

Avoided 17,000+ prison beds, saving $2B+ by expanding diversion.

ActiveSentencing2007
AltReform Score90/100

Data Sources & Methodology

Reform data sourced from state legislative records, BJS Criminal Justice Statistics, the Vera Institute Incarceration Trends dataset, and The Sentencing Project. AltReform prediction scores (0,100) are generated by our ML model trained on 20+ years of state-level reform outcomes, weighting recidivism reduction, racial equity impact, cost-effectiveness, and political feasibility. Statistics are the most recent available (2021,2024).

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