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State Reform Profile

Tennessee

Tennessee's incarceration has grown significantly. SB 2563 expanded diversion as a modest step forward.

ALTREFORM COMPOSITE71/100

Key Statistics

Incarceration Rate
447
per 100,000 residents
Annual Cost
$27K
per incarcerated person
3-Year Recidivism
67%
reincarcerated within 3 yrs
Racial Disparity
4.2×
Black vs. White incarceration
Alt. Programs
21
active diversion programs
Reform Initiatives
5
tracked by AltReform

Incarceration by Race

TN Overall447
National Avg568
Black (est.)1,126
White (est.)196

Incarceration rate per 100,000 residents. Racial estimates based on BJS/Sentencing Project methodology.

Recidivism Rate

67%3-year recidivism
This stateNational avg: 67%

Percent of people reincarcerated within 3 years of release. Source: BJS recidivism data series.

Cost vs. Alternatives

$27K
incarceration/yr
vs.
~$5K
diversion/yr

Active & Passed Reforms

3 initiatives

SB 2563 – Diversion ExpansionView full details →

Expanded eligibility for judicial diversion programs.

PassedDiversion2019
AltReform Score69/100

TN Promise ReentryView full details →

Education-based reentry connecting people to community college.

ActiveReentry2021
AltReform Score74/100

Drug Court Enhancement ActView full details →

Expanded drug court funding and eligibility criteria.

PassedDrug Policy2020
AltReform Score71/100

Data Sources & Methodology

Reform data sourced from state legislative records, BJS Criminal Justice Statistics, the Vera Institute Incarceration Trends dataset, and The Sentencing Project. AltReform prediction scores (0,100) are generated by our ML model trained on 20+ years of state-level reform outcomes, weighting recidivism reduction, racial equity impact, cost-effectiveness, and political feasibility. Statistics are the most recent available (2021,2024).

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