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State Reform Profile

South Dakota

South Dakota has the highest Native American incarceration disparity nationally. IM 26 brought drug reform.

ALTREFORM COMPOSITE70/100

Key Statistics

Incarceration Rate
418
per 100,000 residents
Annual Cost
$30K
per incarcerated person
3-Year Recidivism
65%
reincarcerated within 3 yrs
Racial Disparity
9.8×
Black vs. White incarceration
Alt. Programs
14
active diversion programs
Reform Initiatives
4
tracked by AltReform

Incarceration by Race

SD Overall418
National Avg568
Black (est.)2,458
White (est.)92

Incarceration rate per 100,000 residents. Racial estimates based on BJS/Sentencing Project methodology.

Recidivism Rate

65%3-year recidivism
This stateNational avg: 67%

Percent of people reincarcerated within 3 years of release. Source: BJS recidivism data series.

Cost vs. Alternatives

$30K
incarceration/yr
vs.
~$5K
diversion/yr

Active & Passed Reforms

2 initiatives

IM 26 – Drug Policy ReformView full details →

Reduced drug possession penalties (partially rolled back by legislature).

PassedDrug Policy2020
AltReform Score67/100

Native American Justice InitiativeView full details →

Tribal-state collaboration for culturally appropriate diversion.

ActiveDiversion2019
AltReform Score73/100

Data Sources & Methodology

Reform data sourced from state legislative records, BJS Criminal Justice Statistics, the Vera Institute Incarceration Trends dataset, and The Sentencing Project. AltReform prediction scores (0,100) are generated by our ML model trained on 20+ years of state-level reform outcomes, weighting recidivism reduction, racial equity impact, cost-effectiveness, and political feasibility. Statistics are the most recent available (2021,2024).

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