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State Reform Profile

Colorado

Colorado has been a national leader in drug policy reform and has meaningfully reduced its prison population through sentencing reform.

ALTREFORM COMPOSITE86/100

Key Statistics

Incarceration Rate
360
per 100,000 residents
Annual Cost
$42K
per incarcerated person
3-Year Recidivism
49%
reincarcerated within 3 yrs
Racial Disparity
3.4×
Black vs. White incarceration
Alt. Programs
43
active diversion programs
Reform Initiatives
11
tracked by AltReform

Incarceration by Race

CO Overall360
National Avg568
Black (est.)734
White (est.)184

Incarceration rate per 100,000 residents. Racial estimates based on BJS/Sentencing Project methodology.

Recidivism Rate

49%3-year recidivism
This stateNational avg: 67%

Percent of people reincarcerated within 3 years of release. Source: BJS recidivism data series.

Cost vs. Alternatives

$42K
incarceration/yr
vs.
~$5K
diversion/yr

Active & Passed Reforms

5 initiatives

Amendment 64 – Marijuana LegalizationView full details →

First state to legalize recreational marijuana, freeing thousands from prosecution.

PassedDrug Policy2012
AltReform Score88/100

SB 19-108 – Competency ReformView full details →

Overhauled mental competency restoration system to reduce jail stays.

PassedMental Health2019
AltReform Score85/100

HB 21-1314 – Drug DecriminalizationView full details →

Decriminalized personal-use drug possession, directing to treatment.

PassedDrug Policy2022
AltReform Score82/100

Data Sources & Methodology

Reform data sourced from state legislative records, BJS Criminal Justice Statistics, the Vera Institute Incarceration Trends dataset, and The Sentencing Project. AltReform prediction scores (0,100) are generated by our ML model trained on 20+ years of state-level reform outcomes, weighting recidivism reduction, racial equity impact, cost-effectiveness, and political feasibility. Statistics are the most recent available (2021,2024).

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