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State Reform Profile

California

California leads the nation in criminal justice reform. From AB 109 realignment to Prop 47 and 57, the state has dramatically reduced incarceration.

ALTREFORM COMPOSITE83/100

Key Statistics

Incarceration Rate
332
per 100,000 residents
Annual Cost
$124K
per incarcerated person
3-Year Recidivism
58%
reincarcerated within 3 yrs
Racial Disparity
4.8×
Black vs. White incarceration
Alt. Programs
87
active diversion programs
Reform Initiatives
18
tracked by AltReform

Incarceration by Race

CA Overall332
National Avg568
Black (est.)956
White (est.)132

Incarceration rate per 100,000 residents. Racial estimates based on BJS/Sentencing Project methodology.

Recidivism Rate

58%3-year recidivism
This stateNational avg: 67%

Percent of people reincarcerated within 3 years of release. Source: BJS recidivism data series.

Cost vs. Alternatives

$124K
incarceration/yr
vs.
~$5K
diversion/yr

Active & Passed Reforms

6 initiatives

Prop 47 – Safe Neighborhoods ActView full details →

Reduced six drug/theft felonies to misdemeanors, saving $103M reinvested in treatment.

PassedSentencing2014
AltReform Score89/100

Prop 57 – Public Safety & Rehab ActView full details →

Increased parole for non-violent offenders and incentivized rehabilitation.

PassedReentry2016
AltReform Score84/100

AB 109 – RealignmentView full details →

Shifted low-level offenders from state prisons to county supervision.

PassedSentencing2011
AltReform Score81/100

Data Sources & Methodology

Reform data sourced from state legislative records, BJS Criminal Justice Statistics, the Vera Institute Incarceration Trends dataset, and The Sentencing Project. AltReform prediction scores (0,100) are generated by our ML model trained on 20+ years of state-level reform outcomes, weighting recidivism reduction, racial equity impact, cost-effectiveness, and political feasibility. Statistics are the most recent available (2021,2024).

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